Views: 0 Author: Site Editor Publish Time: 2021-10-16 Origin: Site
Brakes are one of the key components of any vehicle, and without them it is almost impossible to put it on the road. Obviously, the brakes used to slow down a vehicle should not be too weak. Interestingly, however, when designing a braking system, care should also be taken that it is not too effective. Brakes that are too strong can expose us to the constant ill effects of the sudden braking of a bus or car. If the vehicle stops suddenly or strongly, passengers may hit the front seats or anything else. Therefore, a car does not need too much braking system. Regularly, a car has just one braking system.
How many brakes does a car have?
What is Brake Hydraulic System?
Introduction to Power Assisted Brakes
We have already introduced that a car usually just has one braking system, but how many brakes does a car have? Most modern cars are equipped with brakes on all four wheels, operated by a hydraulic system. The brakes can be disc or drum type.
Front brakes play a greater role in stopping a car than rear brakes because the brakes push the weight of the car forward onto the front wheels. For this reason, many cars have disc brakes at the front, which are often more efficient, and drum brakes at the rear. Full disc brakes are used on some expensive or high-performance cars, and full drum brakes are used on some older or smaller cars.
The hydraulic brake circuit has a fluid-filled master cylinder and slave cylinders connected by piping. The master cylinder transmits hydraulic pressure to the slave cylinder when the pedal is depressed. When you depress the brake pedal, it depresses the piston in the master cylinder, forcing the fluid to move along the pipes. Hydraulic fluid flows to the slave cylinder at each wheel and fills it, forcing the piston to extend to apply the brake. The fluid pressure distributes itself evenly around the system.
The combined surface "push" area of all the slave pistons is much larger than the combined "push" area of the pistons in the master cylinder. Therefore, the master piston must travel a few inches in order for the slave pistons to move the fraction of an inch needed to apply the brake. This arrangement allows the brake to exert a large force, just as a long-handled lever can easily lift a heavy object a short distance. Most modern cars are equipped with a dual hydraulic circuit, with the two master cylinders connected in series, just in case.
Many vehicles also offer power assist to reduce the amount of effort required to apply the brakes. Typically, the source of power is the pressure difference between the partial vacuum in the intake manifold and the outside air. The servo unit providing the assistance is piped to the intake manifold.
A direct-acting servo system is fitted between the brake pedal and the master cylinder. If the servo system fails or the engine is not running, the pedal can act directly on the master cylinder. A direct-acting servo is installed between the brake pedal and the master cylinder. The brake pedal pushes a rod, which in turn pushes the master cylinder piston. But the brake pedal can also work on a set of air valves and has a large rubber diaphragm attached to the master cylinder piston. When the brake is off, both sides of the diaphragm are exposed to the vacuum from the manifold.
Depressing the brake pedal closes the valve that connects the rear side of the diaphragm to the manifold and opens a valve that draws air from the outside. The higher pressure of the outside air forces the diaphragm forward to push the master cylinder piston, which contributes to braking force. If the pedal is then depressed and not depressed again, the air valve will no longer draw air from the outside, so the pressure on the brake remains constant.
When the pedal is released, the space behind the diaphragm will reopen the manifold, so the pressure drops and the diaphragm recedes.
If the vacuum fails due to an engine stop, for example, the brake still works because of the normal mechanical connection between the pedal and the master cylinder. But more force must be applied to the brake pedal to apply them.
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